Description
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The need for road dualization is in an increase in
undeveloped countries as most urban cities are
undergoing development as to get urbanized. Charles efl
2001 is of the view that the need to overcome traffic
congestion and to achieve environment sustainability
gives rise to alarming element for road dualization in
Nigeria. Road dualization is a form of road reconstruction
that involves the practical creation of two road lanes with
lane demarcation, pedestrian lane, surface drainage
facilities and ground water erosion control devices.
(Principles of construction Engineering 2005). Clifford
Adam 2008 stated that a view to prevent road accident,
achieve urban and rural area traffic control and to protect
pedestrians gives rise to road dualization as to solve
problems. Road dualization assures different dimension
but the specification are controlled by certain factors such
as available of fund, existing technology, state of the
economy based on development etc. The presence of
road dualization is an indication of road rehabilitation
which the government and the politicians embark upon
as an active indication of development in the form of
infrastructure and social amenity improvement. The
process of road dualization if executed following wrong
steps and construction specification will yield the
structural construction poorly dualized road that suffers
road dualization
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Road dualization can be efficient carried out if the desired
functionaries are employed in the work to dualize road
based on the specifications designed for TYPE 2, TYPE 2
Dual carriage ways and Type 3 dual carriage ways.
Clifford Adam 2005 outline the new road can be dualised
during construction but are an old road lacking any form
of dualization can be dualized under road reconstruction
with irrigation control device, land space concept and
road illustration factors. However the basic structure road
construction specification for the construction of newly
dualized roads is very different but not both are aimed at
creating dual carriage ways.
Aharanwa k.o 2008 outline that a basic strength of
road construction material are required and should be
met before road dualization can be achieve irrespective
of the type and form that is concerned.
1.2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
This study is aimed at the following.
To identify the types and forms of road dualization.
To identify the basic structure specification that are
require for the achievement of road dualization at all
capacities.
To evaluate the acceptability and suitability of road
dualization application to Nigeria roads.
To come up with the road dualization type that is
suitable to Nigeria roads.
To identify the impacts of road duslization in Nigeria
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Road construction and reconstruction are conducted but
later demolished following the inception of new
government due to unstable government and adoption
unapproved road construction and dualization
specification which amounts to economic waste but this
study will draw individual, structural Engineer, developes,
industrialist and government to the basic and
indispensible light and facts that can lead to the
projection of structurally approved road dualization plan
that can produce safe dualized road standard that can
suit the taste of time. This study will go a long way to
provide the existence of dualized roads that can control
all forms of traffic congestion and road accident. The
ideal of road duslization without drainage land scope
identify and road illumination technology will be carried
along in Nigeria.
Nigerians see road dualization as project that operate
with negative attributes with inconveniences, people
through vegetation destruction, and displacement of
people from their ancestries homes etc, will be corrected.
Specfically structural road construction engineer will be
predisposed to the universally approved road
construction specifications that yield better construction
dividends.
1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This study in terms of spatial scope covers two states
with special consideration to Owerri Municipal, Orlu,
Okigwe, Mbaise, Obowo, Ikeduru, Nwaorieubi, Uguta,
Oru, Mbano, Obinze, Okpak, Emekuku. In terms
academic justification scope center around, a
comprehensive presentation of the ideal road dualization
specification with drainage facility and the evaluation of
the acceptability of road dualizetion in Nigeria.
1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS
The research hypothesis applied to this research study
are two namely,
I) Null hypothesis designed by
HA = HA
HA HA
This is interpreted as road dualization is constructed with
the ideal specifications and it is accepted with good
hearth in Nigeria.
iv) Alternative hypothesis which is designated as
HO = HO
HO HO
This is interpreted as “road dualization is construction
without idea specifications in Nigeria and is not accepted
with good health in Nigeria.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTION
The research question applicable to the above research
hypothesis are outlined below as
i) Is road dualization executed with idea specification in
Nigeria?
ii) Do Nigerians accept road dualizattion in good faith?
iii) Which type of road dualization do you think Nigerians
adopt with in the cities selected for this study?
a) Type 2
b) Type 2 dual carriage
c) Type 3 dual carriage ways
1v) Are you of the opinion that road dualization requires
improvement in Nigeria?
iv) Dos road dualization operates with positive or
negative impart?
a) Positive impart
b) Negative impart
1.7 LIMITAION OF THE STUDY
The problems encountered by the researcher in his
attempts to execute this researcher work was numerous.
The first is the problem of financial constrains which
imposed tremendous setback due to the fact that the
research work was sponsored.
Secondly is the problem of transportation problem as the
researcher travelled to the cities that were used as
experimented sites. Questionnaire distribution and
retrieve was not an easy task as most research
respondents were reluctant to accept and submit back
their research questionnaires. Time factor was a problem
and the time allocation for the research was inadequate.
Researcher time was made to run with lecture period.
despite of all setback encountered, the researcher was
able to come up with a universally accepted research
result.
1.8 RESEARCH AREA
Imo state is in Niger Delta geographical zone. It was
created from the former east center state in 1975 and
has twenty seven local governments. Imo state has
bundle with rivers state by the East, Enugu state, by the
West, Abia state by the North and Anambra State by the
south. Imo state has a typical vegetable of a sandy
loamy soil type. Imo state has a mixed topography of
hilly, slop and valley land form and it is surrounded by
surface water.
Imo state has a total population………………….
……………………………. According to the national population
commission, publication of 2006 the local government
found in Imo state are outlined below with their capital
cities.
Owerri Municipal- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – owerri
Owerri North- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Imeric Uratta
Owerri west- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Umuguma
Ikeduru- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -Ihodimezu
Mbaitolu- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -Nwaori- Ubi
Ngorokpal- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Umuneke Ngor
Mbano- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Mbani
Aboh Mbaise- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Aboh
Ezinehike Mbaise- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -Ezinaihite
Aghiara- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Ahgara
Uguta- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -Uguta
Ahaji Egbema- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Egbema
Okigwe- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Okigwe
Oru East- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – -Oru
Oru West- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Uru
Ideator South- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Ideator
Orlu- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Orlu
1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Road :an access for movement
Dualization: portioning component in to two or more
for easy movement
Road dualization: portioning road in two or more for
easy movement
Dual carriage way: Road dualization with double
lane.
Pedestrians: people trafficking on foot.
Facilities: provisions that makes road dualization
easy.
Components:
Irrigation: facilities that takes care or provide asses
way for erosion.
Drainage: the act of dry water on the surface of the
soil.
Irrigation facilities: argents and amenities that
controls water erosion on land during flood.
Land scope facilities: facilities that create even
topography and controls erosion.
Illumination: mountain of light pound to provide
more lighting.
Illumination facility: facilities that provides light.