Description
CONSTRUCTION OF LED DISPLAY SIGNAGE
BY
CANDIDATE’S FULL NAME
REG. NO
A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY,
KOGI STATE POLYTECHNIC, LOKOJA NIGERIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE NATIONAL BOARD FOR
TECHNICAL EDUCATION (NBTE) REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD
OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN ELECTRICAL/
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING.
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
KOGI STATE POLYTECHNIC, LOKOJA
FEBRUARY, 2022.
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the project titled “Construction Of Led Display
Signage” by candidate’s full name meets the requirements and regulations
governing the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) in
Electrical/Electronic Engineering of Kogi State Polytechnics, Lokoja and is
approved for its literary presentation.
Supervisor Signature Date
Head of Dept. Signature Date
External Examiner Signature Date
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that I carried out the work reported in this report in the
Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Kogi State Polytechnic,
Lokoja, under the supervision of Supervisor’s name. I also declare that to the
best of my knowledge, no part of this report has been submitted elsewhere in a
previous application for award of a degree. All literature consulted have been
duly acknowledged.
———————————————————
CANDIDATE’S NAME
(CANDIDATE’S MATRIC NUMBER)
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to God Almighty and to the people who have
supported me throughout my education.
Thanks for making me see this adventure through to the end.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany a successful completion of any
work will be incomplete without mentioning people who made it possible,
success is the epitome of hard work and perseverance, but steadfast of all is
encouraging guidance.
So with gratitude, we acknowledge all those who guidance and encouragement
served as beacon of light and crowed our effort with success.
ABSTRACT
This project presents a digital notice board using WiFi module. The idea
behind this project is to provide its users with a simple, fast and reliable way
to put up important notices in an LED, where the user can send a message to
be displayed in the LED. The message can be sent through an android
application designed in this project, through the WiFi module. So, notices can
be put up in an LED display from from mobile phone. This device can be used
anywhere irrespective of the place of deployment provided mobile network
connectivity is available.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE ………………………………………………………… i
TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………….. ii
CERTIFICATION/APPROVAL PAGE ……………………….…….. iii
DECLARATION PAGE …………………………………………………
iv
DEDICATION ……………………………………………………… v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………. vi
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………….. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………….….
viii – x
LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………… i
LIST OF TABLES ……………………………………………………
i
LIST OF SYMBOLS/ABBREVIATION ………………………… i
LIST OF APPENDICES ……………………………………………
i
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND …………………………………………… 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT ……………………………… 1
AIM/OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ……………………… 1
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY ……………………………… i
THE SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY………. i
DEFINITION OF TERMS ………………………………… i
CONSTRAINTS………………………………………………. 4
PROJECT REPORT ORGANIZATION……………………… 4 – 5
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0. LITERATURE REVIEW …………………….……… 6-7
2.1. ORIGIN/ HISTORY OF THE PROJECT…………………….
TECHNOLOGY OF LED DISPLAY SIGNAGE ………..…. 7
OPTICS AND LIGHT………………………………………….. 7
2.3 USES OF THE PROJECT…………………………………… 8
2.4. ADVANTAGES OF THE DESIGN ………………………… 8
2.5. TYPES OF LED SIGNAGE ANIMATION ……………….. 9
2.6. FEATURES OF THE PROJECT………………………….. 9
2.7.1 P10 LED DISPLAY MODULE ……………………………. 10 – 11
2.7.2. DC POWERR SUPPLY …………………………………… 12
2.7.2.1 TRANSFORMER……………………………………………
12
2.7.2.2 RECTIFIER ………………………………………………… 13
2.7.2.3 FILTER……………………………………………………… 13
2.7.2.4 REGULATOR ……………………………………………… 13
2.7.3. EMBEDD AT89C51LED CONTROLLER BOARD …….. 13
2.7.4. ESP8266 WIFI MODULE ………………………………… 14
2.7.5. ANDROID APP (MIT APP INVENTOR)…………………… 15
CHAPTER THREE: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT
3.0. DESIGN PROCESS AND IMPLEMENTATION……………… 16
3.1. BLOCK DIAGRAM……………………………………………..
16
3.2. THE POWER SUPPLY UNIT…………………………………..
16
3.2.1. TRANSFORMER ………………………………………………. 17
3.2.2. RECTIFIERS……………………………………………………. 18
3.2.3 FILTERS………………………………………………………… 18
3.2.4 REGULATOR…………………………………………………… 19
3.3. THE ADDRESS GENERATOR’S UNIT ……………………….
20
3.4. THE MEMORY UNIT/ MICRO-CONTROLLER ………………
21
11
3.4.1 DESCRIPTION…………………………………………………… 22
3.5 THE DRIVER UNIT …………………………………………….
22 – 23
3.5.1. TRANSISTOR………………………………………………… 23
3.5.3. SIZE, SHAPES AND VIEWING ANGLES OF LEDS……….
24
3.6. DESIGN PROCESS………………………………………….. 25
– 26
3.7 PRELIMINARIES OF THE DESIGN………………………..
26 – 27
3.7.1. MAKING A BLINK WITH AT89C51 MICRO-CONTROLLER
27
3.8. DETAIL OF THE DESIGN………………………………….
28
3.8.1 MICRO-CONTROLLER PIN DESCRIPTION ALG PROG ….
29
3.9. SOFTWARE DESIGN…………………………………………
35
3.9.1. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT……………………………….
36
3.10 DEVELOPMENT PROCESS…………………………………..
37
3.11. PROGRAMENTRY AND EDITING………………………….
37 – 38
3.12 ASSEMBLING AND LINKING ………………………… 38
3.13. SYSTEM CONTROL PROGRAM STEPS……………………
39
3.14 SOFTWARE FOR THE PROGRAMMER……………………
39
3.15 SOFT TO HARD DESIGN PROGRAMMING THE
MICRO-CONTRLLER (AT89c51)………………………….. 39
3.16 FLASH OR EPROM PROGRAMMER………………………
43
3.17 USING A PERSONAL COMPUTER TO PROGRAM THE AT89 45
CHAPTER FOUR: TESTING AND RESULTS
INTRODUCTION …………………………………………
50
4.1. INFORMATION GATHERING………………………………
50
4.2 DATA ANALYSIS………………………………………………
51
4.2.1 READING A TABLE OF TECHNICAL DATA FOR LED…… 52
4.3 SYSTEM FLOWCHART………………………………..………
55
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION………………………………… 56
5.1. SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENT…………………………………. 56
5.2. PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTION……………….. 56
5.3. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER IMPROVEMENT…………….. 57
5.4 CONCLUSION…………………………………………………… 57
REFERENCES 59
APPENDICE 60
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 2.0 LED display signage 9
Fig 2.1: Pin Description of P10 LED Module; 11
Fig 2.2 P10 Module Pinout 12
Fig 2.3: Power Supply Block Diagram 12
Fig 2.4: LED controller board 14
Fig 3.0: Block Diagram of the System 16
Fig 3.1 Block diagram of a Regulated Power supply System 17
FIG 3.2 Transformer and its output. 18
FIG 3.3 Circuit Diagram Of A Full Wave Rectifier 18
Fig 3.4 circuit diagram of a power supply+ filter 19
Fig:3.5 Voltage Regulator and output wave form of regulated voltage 19
Fig:3.6 symbol of npn and pnp transistors. 23
Fig 3.7: Circuit diagram of LED display 25
Fig 3.8 Micro-Controller Pin Configuration 31
Fig 3.9 Micro-Controller With Crystal Oscillator 35
Fig 3.10 Frame Arrangement of LED Signage 47
Fig 3.11: Front View of The Signage 48
Fig 3.12: Back View of The Signage 49
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 3.0: DEMULTIPLEXER TRUTH TABLE 20 –
21
TABLE 3.1 MNEMONICS 41 – 42
TABLE 4.0 TABLE OF TECHNICAL DATA FOR LEDS. 53
TABLE 4.1 TEST / RESULT 51
LIST OF APPENDICES
CHAPTER ONE
1.1 INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this project is to produce a narrative description of the design and
construction of a LED display signage. Firstly computer aided design is the
modeling of physical system on Computers allowing both interactive and
automatic analysis of design variant and the expression of design in a form suitable
for manufacturing. This follows by explaining the LED display signage as a device
which is fast gaining wide acceptance and application in the present days due to its
ability to provide a very high precision timing. The LED display signage that can
be describe as an electro-mechanical system for processing information in which
the information is represented by physical quantities, which are so constrained to
take only discrete values that can be referred to as binary signals.
In this design we have implored the use of both hardware and software to bring
about the entire project. The hardware components are solely coordinated by the
AT89S51 micro controller chip with embedded control card while the C-
programming language is used to program the chip.
1.2 Problem Statement
The idea behind this project is to provide its users with a simple, fast and reliable
way to put up important notices in an LED where the user can send a message to
be displayed in the LED. The message can be sent through an android application
designed in this project
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT DESIGN
Depending on ones intention, LED display signage system have many aims and
objectives.
For instance, this one in particular aims at displaying a moveable coded letters that
says ‘WELCOME TO KOGI STATE POLYTECHNIC, SCHOOL OF
ENGINEERING, ITAKPE CAMPUS”
Also LED display signage system can be used to control the traffic
misunderstanding among motorists especially in junctions. This is achieved by
displaying stop, get ready, or move. Some traffic control electronic system displays
symbols or color that represents the stated commands above
Moreover, LED display signage is used in electronic scoreboard during football
matches to display when a goal is scored, also to display the name of that player
who scored the goal. Above all, this system has contributed a lot in boosting
advertisement.
Lastly, the aim of this project is to develop a digital notice board that will be used
at the faculty in order to display latest information through WiFi module. The
message can be send through android application.
1.4 PREAMBLE
LED information display system, is a system electronically designed and
constructed, that is used to display different information to the view of the masses.
The information to be displayed could be diagrams, symbols, letters, colors,
numbers, codes, etc depending on what is needed at a particular place and time.
This without doubt, has made life easier for the people in different ways; however
micro-controller, which is the heart of this system, can be described thus: A micro
controller is a computer. All computers, whether we are talking about a personal
desktop computer you are using is a general – purpose computer that can run any
of thousands of programs. Micro-controllers are special purpose computers. Micro
controllers do one thing well. There are a number of other common characteristics
that define micro controllers. If a computer matches a majority of these
characteristics, then you can call it a micro controller,
Micro controllers are embedded inside some other device (often a consumer
product) so that they can control the features or actions of the product. Another
name for a micro controller, therefore, is embedded controller
Micro controllers are dedicated to one task and run one specific program. The
program is stored in ROM (read – only memory) and generally does not change.
Micro controllers are often low power devices. A desktop computer is almost
always plugged into a wall socket and mighty consumes 50 watts of electricity. A
battery-operated micro controller might consume 50 milliwatts.
A micro controller has a dedicated input device and often (but not always) has a
small LED or LCD display for output. A micro controller also takes input from the
device it is controlling and controls the device. Meanwhile the use of a micro-
controller to implement an electronic display system design made up of LEDs
connected in common cathode matrix form is referred to as micro-controller based
programmable dot matrix information display system. This project design is a
welcome compliment that displays ‘UNIVERSITY CAFETERIA’
1.5 JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
Due to the various problems encountered in the manual/analog design and
construction of signposts for advertisement, there is every need for an automated
electronic display system that will solve this problem. This will ensure that viewers
get the adequate information that is displayed in good and attractive colors. The
though the manual/analog way of displaying information to the view of the people
is still targeted viewer are attracted. The height in which advertisement in Nigeria
have attained will be maintained if some of its design/construction operation is
computerized (Micro controller based information display) especially the one’s
that has to do with bigger companies. This will also maintain the good relationship
between the company and its numerous customers.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
This project can serve in any aspect of life this project (LED display signage) is
based on a computer aided design. .
In the implementation of this project, the scopes that I shall concentrate more on
are: the architecture of the microcontroller port interface, multiplexing the data
port control sequence and algorithm of the traffic light. The features of the
AT89S51 were exploited to achieve the desired sequence of operation of this
project.
1.7 CONSTRAINTS
One of the obvious constraints I had in the course of this project was the scarcity of
sometimes outright unavailability of some of the required components in the
markets. Since scarcity is followed by a hike in price, when such components were
even found, they were out rightly expensive. Another major constraint I had was
time constraints. I had a relatively short time to source out materials from net,
libraries, etc, fully understand the underlying principles and come up with a design
that would work. As a result, I had to forgo pleasure and even leisure in order to
achieve this.
1.8 PROJECT REPORT ORGANIZATION
Five chapter were covered in the course of design and development of this project.
The chapters and their contents are as follows:
Chapter one is the introductory chapter that gives the aim, scope and justification
for the project. This part shows the significant and the justification of this project
that is the literature review of microcontroller dot matrix advert display system and
its components reviewed, also the history of the project and its uses were
discussed. Chapter Two is literature review. It deliberates on different related
works done by several authors with dates. It also discusses on the limitations of
some of these works.
In chapter three, I discussed the practical system analysis based on what a LED
display signage will do when fully constructed and installed. Also discussed is the
requirement analysis, which is all the information, gathered form a wide research
on LED display signage, data analysis, system design approaches, top-down,
bottom-up, choice of design approaches, data flow arrangement and the system
flow chart are also discussed. Chapter four deals with the design/preliminary
design of how the system will achieve its function, all these are illustrated here in
form of circuit diagram to show how the main system is linked to the sub system or
the modules. Also discussed here is the user interface design that comprises the
input design and the output design. The software design and implementation is also
discussed in this chapter. The choices of programming language, soft-hard, and
sub-system implementation is also discussed here. In chapter five I discussed the
system testing and the appropriate software testing strategy to achieve the expected
result and the actual. The performance evolution is also analyzed here. Also
discussed is the system testing and integration, how the components were tested.
The reference evaluation and cost analysis is also discussed here. Finally the
summary of this project is discussed in detail in chapter six. The contributions of
the project, achievements, and problems for further enhancement, development and
advanced discussions on this topic.