Description
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF REAL TIME AND TEMPERATURE
DISPLAY
BY
CANDIDATE’S FULL NAME
REG. NO
A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY,
KOGI STATE POLYTECHNIC, LOKOJA NIGERIA
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE NATIONAL BOARD FOR
TECHNICAL EDUCATION (NBTE) REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD
OF HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) IN ELECTRICAL/
ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING.
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
KOGI STATE POLYTECHNIC, LOKOJA
FEBRUARY, 2022.
1
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the project titled “design and construction of real time
and temperature display” by candidate’s full name meets the requirements
and regulations governing the award of Higher National Diploma (HND) in
Electrical/Electronic Engineering of Kogi State Polytechnics, Lokoja and is
approved for its literary presentation.
Supervisor Signature Date
Head of Dept. Signature Date
External Examiner Signature Date
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that I carried out the work reported in this report in the
Department of Electrical/Electronic Engineering, Kogi State Polytechnic,
Lokoja,
under the supervision of Supervisor’s name. I also declare that to the best of my
knowledge, no part of this report has been submitted elsewhere in a previous
application for award of a degree. All literature consulted have been duly
acknowledged.
———————————————————
CANDIDATE’S NAME
(CANDIDATE’S MATRIC NUMBER)
DEDICATION
This project is dedicated to God Almighty and to the people who have supported
me throughout my education.
Thanks for making me see this adventure through to the end.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany a successful completion of
any work will be incomplete without mentioning people who made it possible,
success is the epitome of hard work and perseverance, but steadfast of all is
encouraging guidance.
So with gratitude, we acknowledge all those who guidance and
encouragement served as beacon of light and crowed our effort with success.
ABSTRACT
Light Emitting diodes have been around for some years now. Advances in
technology
have now made it possible for Light Emitting diodes to transform from devices
earlier
used as indicators due to their low light output to devices that can be used for
lighting.
Today, light emitting diodes are so bright with high lumen output that they can
be used
for virtually any kind of application. In this project, We use a number of high
lumen light
emitting diodes arranged in a dot matrix format to show the current time and
ambient
temperature. Due to the high lumen output of the LEDs, the display can be used
both
indoors or outdoors. Working on the strength of a microcontroller (PIC16F877)
and
other components such as serial registers, RTC, temperature sensor integrated
circuit;
we are able to build a complete display system that can display the time of day
and
temperature.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
COVER PAGE ………………………………………………………… i
TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………….. ii
CERTIFICATION/APPROVAL PAGE ……………………………… iii
DECLARATION PAGE ………………………………………………… iv
DEDICATION ……………………………………………………… v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………………………………………. vi
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………….. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ……………………………………………….. viii –
x
LIST OF FIGURES ……………………………………………… i
LIST OF TABLES …………………………………………………… i
LIST OF SYMBOLS/ABBREVIATION ………………………… i
LIST OF APPENDICES …………………………………………… i
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1.0 BACKGROUND ……………………………………………. 1
1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ……………………………………… 1
1.2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT …………………………………….. 1
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0. LITERATURE REVIEW ……………………………. 2
2.1 HISTORY OF DIGITAL CLOCK………………………… 2
2.2 HISTORY OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT…….. 3
2.3 DS18B20 (TEMPERTURE SENSOR) ……………………. 3
2.3.1 DSI18B20 STRUCTURE …………………………………. 3
2.4 CONCEPTS OF MICROCONTROLLER ……………….. 4-6
2.4.1 STRUCTURE OF THE PIC MICROCONTROLLERS … 6-9
2.4.2 PROGRAMMERS AND TYPES OF PROGRAMMES………. 10
2.5 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF
COMPUTER AUTOMATION ………………………………… 11
2.5.1 COMPUTER INTERFACING………………………………… 12
2.5.2 SERIAL PORT INTERFACING ……………………………… 13-15
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
3.0. METHODOLOGY……………………………………………….. 16
3.1. HARDWARE COMPONENTS AND CIRCUIT BLOCK……… 17-18
3.2 THE DISPLAY CIRCUIT LED CIRCUIT WIRING ………….. 20-21
3.3 SERIAL TO PARALLEL CONVERTER ……………………… 21
3.4 MICROCONTROLLER CIRCUIT …………………………….. 23-25
3.4.1. MICROCONTROLLER IMPORTANT FEATURES …………. 26
3.5 POWER SUPPLY ……………………………………………… 29-30
3.6 DESIGN SPECIFICATION ……………………………………. 31-32
3.7 COMPONENT, COST AND THEIR VALUE ………………… 32
3.8 PICTORIAL ……………………………………………………. 33-34
CHAPTER FOUR: TESTING AND RESULTS
4.0 SYSTEM FLOWCHART ………………………………… 35
4.1. CIRCUIT TESTING AND RESULT TESTING………………… 36
4.1.1 PRE-IMPLEMENTATION TESTS …………………………… 37
4.2.1 CIRCUIT TESTING ……………………………………………. 37
4.1.3 INTEGRATED CIRCUIT TESTING………………………….. 37
4.2 POST IMPLEMETATION …………………………………….. 37-38
4.3 TEST RESULT ……………………………………………….. 38
4.4 PACKAGING …………………………………………………. 39
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.0. SUMMARY AND RECOMMEDATION…………………………… 40
5.1. CONCLUSION……………………………………………………….. 40
5.2. RECOMMEDATION …………………………………………………. 40-41
5.3. FUTURE ADVANCEMENT OF THE PROJECT…………………….. 41
REFERENCES
APPENDICE
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig 2.0 External Structure of DS18B20 4
Fig 2.1: Typical Illustration of Microcontroller device and the
different sub units of microchips 5
Fig 2.2 PIC Microcontroller Outline 7
Fig 2.3: Harvard Vs Von Neumann Block Architecture 8
Fig 2.4: Clock/ Instruction Cycle 9
Fig 3.1 Block Diagram of the System 16
FIG 3.2 Circuit Diagram of the system 18
FIG 3.3 PIN configuration and Logical Symbols 22
Fig 3.4 PIN out of PIC 16F8771874 24
Fig:3.5 DS18B20 Temperature Measurement Principle Diagram 28
Fig:3.6 DS1302RTC Pin out 29
Fig 3.7: Circuit Diagram of a Practical 5V DC Power Supply 30
Fig 3.8 Construction Process 1 33
Fig 3.9 Construction Process 2 33
Fig 3.10 Final Pictorial Package of The System 34
Fig 4:0 Temperature Display Flowchart 35
Fig 4:1 Real Time Display Flowchart 36
Fig 4:2: Final Result of the System 39
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 3.0: Structure of Serial Port 15
TABLE 3.1 PIN out Description 23
TABLE 3.2 Component, Cost and There Values 32
1.0 BACKGROUND
INTRODUCTION
Micro-controller are single-chip computer consisting of CPU (central processing unit),
data and program memory, serial and parallel input and output , timers, internal and
external interrupts. Microcontroller are intelligent electronic device used to control and
monitor devices.
The temperature is the degree of hotness and coldness of a body. It’s usually measure
with a thermometer. Four type of sensors are thermocouple, restive temperature device
(RTDs) thermistors, and integrated circuit temperature sensor.
Most digital clock display 24 hour format in USA and few other countriea, a more
commonly used hour sequence option in 12hr format (with some indication of AM or
PM).
. The display system comprises the microcontroller (PIC16F877), shift registers, power
supply, temperature sensor, RTC and LED display module
1.1 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
This project is aimed at designing and constructing a digital Real time and temperature
display as a way of disseminating information on weather condition and real time to the
general public and this can be updated using a computer.
1.2 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
The scope of this project covers computer programming used to address the serial port
of a computer system so that data can be transmitted to it. The display system consists of
temperature sensor, power supply , and P10 LED module, control board, embedded with
a microcontroller which consists of stored programs with its programming and
reprogramming ROM & RAM. A microcontroller is a computer on a chip which can be
programmed and re-programmed to control devices. Thus, this project covers the display
of real time and temperature to the general public using LEDs dot matrix display board.
The design has a high speed capability and attempts to offer the highest order of
flexibility (of the microcontroller) over shadowing the rigidity of the system; it is highly
modularized and thus introduces much convenience for designers.